Diabetes Fact Sheet - 958 Words

Diabetes Data for Bexar County: According to the 2014 City of San Antonio Diabetes Fact Sheet, The percentage of adults with diabetes in Bexar county has been on the increase in the last few years. In 2012, 11.4% of the population in Bexar county had been diagnosed with diabetes; in 2013, number of diagnosed residents increased to 12.7%, and in 2014, it had increased to14.2%. Diabetes prevalence did not differ significantly between adult males (13%) and females (15%). Percentage of adults with diabetes by age was 1% for adults 18-29 years; 6% for adults age 30-44 years; 22% for people age 45-64 years and 33% for people age 65 years and older. In 2014, percentage of adults with diabetes by ethnicity was: Hispanics 15%; non-Hispanic†¦show more content†¦According to the Bexar County Community Health Assessment Executive Summary, (2013), Bexar county is characterized by abundance of fast food establishments and an unhealthy food culture or lifestyle such as improper nutritio n, high caloric intake and fat consumption and inadequate exercise. Their diets are high in carbohydrates and saturated fats. A survey in 2013 showed that one in five Bexar county adults ate more than three vegetables /day and one in ten ate more than three fruits per day. Studies have also identified social factors such as level of education, and socioeconomic status with the development of type 2 diabetes. Socio-ecological Model (SEM) - United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund (UNICEF) defines SEM as a theory-based framework for understanding the multifaceted and interactive effects of personal and environmental factors that determine behaviors, and for identifying behavioral and organizational leverage points and intermediaries for health promotion within organizations. Adult Hispanics with type 2 diabetes in Bexar County suffer healthcare disparities. Some of the factors responsible for these disparities are: language barriers, cultural barriers, lack of access to preventive healthcare, and lack of health insurance. Language barrier has a strong impact on the ability of someShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Essay examples1471 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes In the United States, an estimated 16 million people have diabetes. Diabetes is a serious lifelong condition. Half the 16 million people who have diabetes do not even realize the condition exists and are not receiving treatment. 798,000 people each year are diagnosed with diabetes. It occurs most often in adults, but it is also one of the most chronic disorder in children. It is estimated that 123,000 children ages 19 and belowRead MorePrevalence of Diabetes in USA1223 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Diabetes in US Diabetes in US Introduction Diabetes mellitus, or simply termed as diabetes, is one of the most common chronic diseases with a high prevalence round the globe. People who are diabetic suffer with a high rate of blood sugar due to which they are abstained from such several eatables which have a high or low quantity of glucose in them. There are two main causes for such a situation; one is when the pancreas becomes unable to produce a hormone named Insulin, which is responsible toRead MoreA Brief Look at Pacific Islanders815 Words   |  3 Pages I will begin with a table summarizing the defining criteria of my chosen cultural group. http://erc.msh.org/mainpage.cfm?file=5.4.8c.htmmodule=providerlanguage=English http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/healthcare/news/2010/12/16/8762/fact-sheet-health-disparities-by-race-and-ethnicity/ As indicated from the ‘Health and Nutritional Concepts’ section of the table, this specific cultural group has some health issues which require educational intervention, to optimize longevity and qualityRead MorePsychology and Health Issues Program Review1743 Words   |  7 PagesReview Over the years, â€Å"the importance of the mental health expert in the management of medically ill individuals has grown with the proliferation of information linking health and behavior†. (Harris amp; Lustman, 1998) Receiving a diagnosis such as Diabetes Mellitus has been linked to psychological disorders that affect the way an individual copes with this disorder. We will identify treatments, controlled and uncontrolled factors, and the approach used by mental health professional to help these patientsRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Disease1369 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a disease that afflicts approximately 29.1 million American people and is ranked as the 7th leading cause of death in America (â€Å"Statistics About Diabetes†). Thus, understanding and studying this disease has the potential to help better many lives. A patient living with diabetes, or a parent of a child with diabetes all benefit from understanding and learning how to live with this disease, what risk factors to look for and how to adjust life style choices to help preventRead MoreThe Effect Of Sleep On Hemoglobin Glucose Levels Among Children And Teens1287 Words   |  6 Pages1. INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC Recent trends show that people are getting diagnosed with type II diabetes earlier. The rate of type II diabetes in the U.S.A increased by 217% in the 0-44 year old age group between 1990 and 2009 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Several factors increase the risk of developing type II diabetes, including diet, exercise, genetics, and sleep. Less knowingly, prolonged lack of sleep severely damages humans’ health. Sleep and one’s circadian rhythm contribute toRead MoreThe Effects Of Uncontrolled Diabetes in the Heart Kidneys964 Words   |  4 PagesUncontrolled diabetes can affect nearly every organ of the body; of which, heart disease and kidney failure are most commonly impacted. Known as diabetes mellitus, a collective term for various blood abnormalities, the term diabetes refers to either a scarcity of insulin in the body or the body’s inability to accept insulin. Though the symptoms of diabetes are manageable, many are unaware as to having it . According to the CDC report â€Å"2011 Diabetes Fact Sheet,† approximately 6 million people in theRead MorePrevalence Of High Blood Pressure Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesseek medical diagnosis or do not have proper resources available (Ihab, 2006). 1. I think it would be interesting to consider the results of this question in conjunction with another question Other chronic conditions Questions:  ¬ Do you have diabetes?  ¬ Do you have heart disease?  ¬ Have you ever had a stroke? Hypertension is the leading risk factor for heart disease, and also increases the risk of death from kidney failure and stroke (Wozniak, 2015). It would be interesting to determine if theRead MorePrevalence Of High Blood Pressure Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagesseek medical diagnosis or do not have proper resources available (Ihab, 2006). 2. I think it would be interesting to consider the results of this question in conjunction with another question Other chronic conditions Questions:  ¬ Do you have diabetes?  ¬ Do you have heart disease?  ¬ Have you ever had a stroke? Hypertension is the leading risk factor for heart disease, and also increases the risk of death from kidney failure and stroke (Wozniak, 2015). It would be interesting to determine if theRead MoreCauses of Type I and II Diabetes Essay544 Words   |  3 PagesDiabetes is a group of diseases caused by high blood glucose levels that come from deficiencies in the bodys ability to produce and use insulin. There are a few main causes of diabetes. There’s two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. In Type 1 diabetes the diagnosis is often made in children and young adults, and was formerly known as juvenile diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is where your body does not produce insulin at all. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes your

Emma by Jane Austen Essay - 783 Words

In Emma Jane Austen exposes the limitations of the role of women in her society. Examine Austen’s presentation of what is called in the novel, women’s usual occupations of eye, and hand, and mind. Emma – Role of Woman In Emma Jane Austen exposes the limitations of the role of women in her society. Examine Austen’s presentation of what is called in the novel, ‘women’s usual occupations of eye, and hand, and mind’. In Jane Austen’s society, the role of women was controlled by what was expected of them. In most cases, marriage was not for love, and was considered as a business arrangement, in which both partners could gain status and financial reassurance. Though Austen opposed the idea of none affectionate marriage, many†¦show more content†¦As Mr. Elton’s pride is greatly damaged, he decides to go to bath for a holiday, and returns with an offensive, vulgar woman, who will soon be his wife. Mrs. Elton is a rude, dull woman, but has a high social status, which is the reason Mr. Elton chose her. From this love-match, Austen shows us how wrong it is to marry for anything but love. Though it is a highly amusing situation, and Mrs. Elton herself is a very comical character, it in fact causes very serious and severe circumstances, in which these two people will be unhappily married for most probably the rest of their lives. In addition, the novelist provides us with many diverse roles of women. Women did not have careers, simply marriage offers. We are soon introduced to Harriet Smith, who is an illegitimate orphan, with no options but to hope for a marriage proposal. She does not seem to have a great personality, has a bad background, and no dowry whatsoever, so it is a strange case when the young farmer, Robert Martin, proposes to her. Though instead of being grateful, she listens to Emma and refuses his proposal which is seen as an enormous shock and appalling judgment by her. We are then presented with Miss Taylor, who was a governess for the Woodhouse household. Though Miss Taylor marries, and moves away, she is still considered as a very close relation to the Woodhouse’, which is again an odd case for this society. AShow MoreRelatedEmma, By Jane Austen1327 Words   |  6 PagesIn Jane Austen’s â€Å"Emma,† conversations reveal the social concerns and the character of its participants. Each contributor has a unique and therefore biased perspective that informs how they appear in a conversation. The eponymous protagonist, Emma is oft seen making judgments whether in dialogue or through free indirect discourse, such that her own shortcomings and biases are elucidated. Emma willing enters into a disagreement with her step-brother, Mr. Knightley, on the elusive Frank Churchill.Read MoreEmma by Jane Austen857 Words   |  4 PagesThe story, Emma, by Jane Austen, is a riveting tale about a heroine who through her determined will to assist others, realizes and attains her own dreams and desires. The story begins with 21 year old, Emma Woodhouse struggling with the loss of her governess of 16 years and a truly dear friend, Miss Taylor. Miss Taylor recently wedded Mr. Weston and moved half a mile away from the Woodhouses residence at Hartfield. Both Emma and her father are trying to cope with this drastic change and overcomeRead MoreEmma by Jane Austen Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesEmma is more unpleasant than appealing. Discuss with reference to the first 9 chapters Essay: ‘Emma’ The first line of the novel ‘Emma’, by Jane Austen, claims Emma to be ‘handsome, clever, and rich’, this sums up Emma’s character completely. It is important to list these first of all, for fear of the reader to immediately dislike her. Indeed, later on-on the first page, Emma’s faults are listed, claiming her to have too much of her own way and herself thinking very highly of herselfRead MoreEssay on Emma by Jane Austen2322 Words   |  10 PagesLove Emma, by Jane Austen, is a classic comedy that took place in the nineteenth-century near London, England. Emma tells the tale of a heroine attempting to be the matchmaker for everyone, and ultimately herself. Emma Woodhouse, the main character, loses her dear friend and governess, Miss Taylor, to Miss Taylor’s marriage, in which she becomes Mrs. Weston. Emma, in search of another cherished companion, comes across Harriet Smith. Although Harriet comes from a lower class in society, Emma admiresRead MoreA Brief Note On Emma By Jane Austen Essay2070 Words   |  9 PagesTerm Paper in English 1 On Emma by Jane Austen In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Award of Degree of B.A [HONS.]ENGLISH Submitted by: Supervised by: Rashmi Priya Mrs. Suchi agarwal Amity Institute of English Studies and Research Amity University Uttar Pradesh India DECLARATION I Rashmi Priya student of B.A (Hons.) English of Amity Institute of English Studies and ResearchRead MoreWhat Is The Theme Of Emma By Jane Austen1367 Words   |  6 Pagesworldviews of a person. This is evident in Emma, as Austen uses a unique narrative style to illustrate the power of societal control. The plot of the novel focuses mainly on the theme of strategic matchmaking, however it can also serve as a catalyst to demonstrate the idea of societal authority presented in the novel. There is an emphasis on the Evangelical ideas of strength in community, and in the Lockean ideas of the social order. THESIS The theme of Emma is expressed through word games, and parallelsRead More Emma by Jane Austen Essay example2875 Words   |  12 PagesAbout the Author Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 at Steventon, England. She was the seventh child of the rector of the parish at Steventon, and lived with her family until they moved to Bath when her father retired in 1801. Her father, Reverend George Austen, was from Kent and attended the Tunbridge School before studying at Oxford and receiving a living as a rector at Steventon. Her mother, Cassandra Leigh Austen, was the daughter of a patrician family. Among her siblings she hadRead MoreAnalysis Of Jane Austen s Emma2163 Words   |  9 PagesJane Austen’s Emma follows the life of an overindulged, upper class young woman who, after enduring a crisis brought on by her own pride, is transformed from callow and vain, to a state of mental and emotional maturity. On first reading, the audience may perceive Emma’s actions as a repression of feelings, but upon closer inspection one can see that she is not suppressing her emotions but simply does not have the level of self-awareness that would allow her to clarify the difference between rightRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Emma By Jane Austen1648 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Emma by Jane Austen In Jane Austen’s novel, Emma, protagonist Emma avoids her own transformation by her attempts to transform others. However, Emma experiences her coming-of-age through the stable characters of those around her. Austen reveals how self-transformation is necessary in maturing and establishing self-awareness. Emma Woodhouse possesses qualities that many would envy: beauty, intelligence, wealth, and youth. However, the positive aspects of Emma are equally contrastedRead MoreJane Austen s Emma And The Passages 2175 Words   |  9 Pages2014 Emma by Jane Austen VS Benjamin Franklin Jane Austen’s novel Emma and The passages by Benjamin Franklin talk about the strong opinions their authors have on marriage. While they were both in alive and writing in different times and places, they both have differences and similarities in their opinions on what marriage means to them. My goal in this paper is to talk about those differences and similarities in opinion, by talking about the many character and relationships that are in Jane Austen

Operating System Differences Free Essays

string(27) " for the parent processes\." UNIX/Linux, Mac, Microsoft Windows Operating System Differences University of Phoenix Abstract This paper will elaborate on the major differences of the main Operating Systems (OS), which are UNIX/Linux, Mac ®, Microsoft ® Windows ®. The areas of discussion for this paper will be on Memory Management, Process Management, File Management, and Security for each operating system. Operating Systems (OS) for a computer is the main processing software program used to allow the computer processor to communicate with the software and hardware I/O devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Operating System Differences or any similar topic only for you Order Now Computers as SUN, SUSE use UNIX/Linux operating system, Mac ® (Macintosh) computer uses Apple operating system, and Personal Computers (PC) and most business computers use Windows ® Microsoft ® operating systems. Operating System Computers as SUN, SUSE use UNIX/Linux operating system, Mac ® (Macintosh) computer uses Apple operating system, and Personal Computers (PC) and most business computers use Windows ® Microsoft ® operating systems. Each operating system is a multi-user system, multiprocessing, multitasking, and multithreading. An operating system capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the same time is a multiprocessing and multitasking computer. Operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run concurrently are considered multithreading. Computer processing uses memory for instructions and subroutines. The use of memory and managing is not simply just reading and writing to the computer. Each computer memory in the system uses it differently. Memory Management is a vital part of the processing of data. Virtual, cache, processor, data, direct access, random ccess, single in-line memory (SIMM) are types of memory used in a computer system. Processor speed is dependent on memory management, which allows the use and operation of the computers. Requirements for memory management are; Relocation, Protection, Sharing, Logical organization, and Physical organization. Each of these mechanisms of memory assists the processing of data between the processor, I/O, Direct Acces s Memory (DMA) and software packages (Stallings, 2012). Memory management of UNIX/Linux, Mac, and Microsoft Windows Operating Systems (OS) are very similar and different in execution of memory management. The operating structure of UNIX computers is on an end terminal type configuration using their memory for servers, main-frame, engineering computers, workstations, and terminal to terminal use (Hass, 2012). Memories for these are large and fast operating. The UNIX computers use three different types of memory uses. The three named memories for a UNIX computer are Kernel, Cache, and virtual. Kernal memory is the OS’s own (semi) private memory (â€Å"Data Expedition†, 2012). This is always in Main memory. Cache memory’s main function is to hold the File System and other I/O operations. Virtual memory is an addressable memory space for processes to run on the computer. Virtual memory is divided into pages. Windows computers are also based on personal computer and server environments. Memory is large, fast, and used for software packages. Memory management in Microsoft Windows operating systems has evolved into a rich and sophisticated architecture. Capable of scaling from the tiny embedded platforms (where Windows executes from ROM) all the way up to the multi-terabyte NUMA configurations, taking full advantage of all capabilities of existing and future hardware designs (SolomonRussinovich, 2010). Windows memory is more versatile in use than UNIX and Mac. The modern day personal home computer has Windows OS systems on them. Memory is used based on the operator use and software packages installed onto them. Memory management is different in each application for the different Operating Systems because of the way in which the memory is used. UNIX is more a business server use, needing more memory, and larger data transferring. Mac is a personal computer usage environment not needing as much memory for operating system, but for the software execution and data storage. Windows is also a personal computer environment with a server type environment growing in use. This memory management is both needing large sections of memory for data and operating systems transferring. Along with the processor speed, memory management is one of the most important parts of computer operation. The operating systems also rely on process management. Computers today have developed from running single program capability and running run one program at a time to having the ability to run multiple programs at the same time. They are also able to use multiple threads to provide more than one task to be run at the same time. Processes were created to help manage the execution of the programs. A process is defined as a unit of work in a modern time-sharing system during the execution of a program. There are five states that a process may be in new, running, waiting, ready, and terminated. Only one process can be running on a processor and the other processes are in a ready and waiting state. Operating systems use processes to execute the system code, which executes and runs the main programs to process and operate the computer. Operating systems may use the state of a process in different ways. A process control block represents a process in the operating system and contains the process state, program counter, CPU registers, CPU scheduling information, memory-management information, accounting information, and the I/O status information. To maximize the CPU processes need to be running at all times. As a process enters the system, they are placed in a job queue. A process scheduler is used to select the next available process for program execution. Process can be executed concurrently in most operating systems. Because all operating systems use processes to execute programs, This paper will compare and contrast some of the main systems like UNIX, Windows, and Mac. A UNIX operating system creates a process through a fork() system call and uses an identify processes by a unique identifier typically an integer number. The new process will contain a copy of the address of the original process known as the child. The child inherits the privileges and scheduling attributes from the parent. The parent could communicate easily to the child processes. The return code for the fork() call is zero for the child process and non- zero for the parent processes. You read "Operating System Differences" in category "Essay examples" To begin the execution of the process, the exec() after the fork() system call. The process memory space will be replaced with a new program. This allows two processes the ability to communicate and go their separate ways. A parent process will issue a wait() command whereas the child process is running so that it is completely removed from the active queue. Once the child process is terminated the parent will begin processing. Windows operating system is similar but offers some differences to process management than the UNIX operating system. The Win32 API uses the CreateProcess() function to create new processes. A specific program is loaded into the address space of a child process to create a new process. The CreateProcess() request expects at least 10 parameters. The first two parameters that pass through the command are START UPINFO and PROCESS_INFORMATION. The STARTUPINFO advises the new process what the window size and the appearance and handles to the I/O files. PROCESS_INFORMATION contains a handle and the identifiers for the new process and thread. A default parameter is used for the child process and the thread handles the specifying of no creation flags. The parent process waits for the child to process by using the waitfor singleobject() command and will be processed after the child has been terminated. The Mac operating system uses a process manager to schedule process. The number of processes are limited to the amount of memory available. The manager will maintain the information about the process. Process serial number identifies each process. The process serial number identifies a particular instance of an application. The foreground process has priority to access the CPU because the process is to allow only one foreground process at a time. A Multiple accesses process can be in the background. The process manager will automatically terminate a process when it exits its main routine or encounters a fatal error condition. The process manager will remove the process from the list of open processes and release memory occupied the application. Management of the processes is important to the operating system, but is also important on how files are managed. File management is primarily handled by the operating system software installed on a computer. Files are a sequence of logical records that are abstract and implemented by the OS. The user is primarily exposed to the file system portion of the operating system making it even more important to have a user-friendly approach to the management of files. â€Å"A file system is a part of the operating system that determines how files are named, stored, and organized on a volume. A file system manages files and folders, and the information needed to locate and access these items by local and remote users (â€Å"What Is NTFS? † Local File Systems†,  2012). Systems for managing files provide users and applications with services like file access, directory maintenance, and access control or security. Windows NTFS, or New Technology File System, file system is intended to handle high-end applications like client/server applications, engineering, and scientific systems, and network applications for large companies and schools. One of the key differences in the Windows file system from other file systems is that it treats each file as two separate streams of bits within the same file. Key features offered by NTFS are recoverability, security, larger files, and disks, journaling, compression, and encryption, and hard/symbolic links. Files are generally stored as clusters, which are one or more sectors side-by-side on the disk, or as a volume. NTFS does not recognize sectors, which are the smallest physical storage unit on the disk. Each volume consist’s of a partition boot sector, master file table, system files, and a file section. The master file table contains information about all of the files and directories on the volume. It is a table of 1,024-byte rows, or records with each row describing a file in the volume. A file can take up more allocated space, but tracked by pointers that point to additional clusters within the volume. Recoverability is not extremely robust but the NTFS does provide recoverability for directory/file structure if a crash occurs. Full recovery would require far more resources if it were implemented. Linux/UNIX supports a broad variety of file systems that map back into the underlying system it uses to support them. All UNIX file systems maintain a tree structure that runs under a root directory. Inodes are control structures that contain information pertaining to a file. An inode stores information like control information, size of the file, th etime the file was created, and any other information specified by the particular inode structure implemented. There are a various different file types utilized in the UNIX file system. Included are regular files, which encompass all software or data, and directories which contain files and other directories with at least a name and identification number for each file. Symbolic links are essentially an alias for another filename or directory, and IPC end points that communicate from one process to another process running on the same computer. Special files allow access to external devices, and physical devices. File access is controlled by a set of 12 protection bits comprised of nine bits of permissions, and three bits that define special behavior. When files are accessed their inode is called into the main memory and stored. In UNIX all file allocation is dynamic, or on an ass needed basis. An indexed method is utilized to keep track of files and their locations on the Disk. Inodes contain both direct and indirect pointers to store index information for the file they are attached to. Macintosh systems utilize the hierarchical file system approach, but have updated the system to accommodate more modern utilization. HFS plus allows for smaller file sizes and more efficient utilization of larger storage spaces. It offers 32 bits of block allocation allowing for more files to be stored, and for the space on the hard disk to be utilized more efficiently. A Unicode file length of 255 will allow for more specific naming of files and easier differentiation between them. Dynamic inode length allows for larger branching in the file tree and less wasted space. The way files are stored is similar to that of NTFS, but varies slightly in the way the volumes are broken down. The volume header is 1024 bytes in length and contains information about the contents. A catalog file contains information about the hierarchy of the files and folders within the volume, and an extents overflow file handles information pertaining to files with more than eight fork extensions. Attributes files are not fully explained but are a B-tree file that will be implemented in later named forks. Allocation files are bitmaps utilized to determine if there is a file allocated to an allocation block. Startup files are special files that hold information utilized when booting a system without a built in ROM. All operating systems have security issues and need good security protection of the operating system. Operating system security (OS security) is the process of ensuring OS integrity, confidentiality, and availability. OS security refers to specified steps or measures used to protect the OS from threats, viruses, worms, malware, or remote hacker intrusions. OS security encompasses all preventive-control techniques, which safeguard any computer assets capable of being stolen, edited, or deleted if OS security is compromised. (Stuart Ellis) As memory management, process management, and file management all are part of the operating systems vital elements, security is important, and even more important. Having unwarranted and unwanted access to files, data from outside source can be damaging and detrimental to the organization. The Unix/Linux systems have many security features that help in securing the system. UNIX has User Accounts protection, Password, file permissions, data verification, encryption, system firewalls, and application isolation. Each of the following security features has unique security for the Unix/Linux operating system (Sans. org). A widely used UNIX password security technique is the use of hashed passwords and a salt value (Operating systems, 2012). This type of password security is used on a UNIX-based system. When a password input into the system, it is combined with a fixed length word to complete the pass word. This added word is computer generated and is associated with the time of input. For the Apple/Mac user the Apple OS/X operating system is and has been very reliable and not prone to the virus attacks as other operating systems. For the general Macintosh user, the chances of getting hacked are low, especially if that user does not frequent any online chat facilities or make any on-line purchases; things of that nature. Apple/Mac computers have software package called, â€Å"SecureMac† which is a virus protection software only for Apple/Mac computers. Microsoft Windows has been most of the target for security issues and breeches in security. Virus’s, malware, spyware have all been problems with accessing Windows-based operating systems. Security for these is ongoing and because of the changing threats from viruses. Windows security has access control; password, file protection, and all can be protected by using the windows configuration files on the operating systems. Conclusion for this paper shows that each Operating System has memory management, processing management, files management, and security for the system to operate. The Operating Systems of UNIX/Linux, Apple/Mac and Microsoft Windows each have operating systems with these features. Each operating system is different but operate in the same manner for the computer system to work. The memory of each operating system is the same as it needs the memory to cache, save, and execute programs within the systems. File processing for each system also is similar but uses other software packages to process the files and deposit the data and execution files for operation. Process management is different because of its dependency on the executable programs in each operating system type. Security for each system is different as the way it is executed in the operating system. Security does the same purpose on each system, it provides security to not allow unauthorized access, system protection, and prevents data loss. The operating system is the main executable program that operates the computer, without it will not operate. As there are different operating systems, they are all making each computer sytem operate to the best way for users. References Haas, J. (2012). WHY UNIX. Retrieved from http:/Linux. about. com/cs/Unix101/a/Whyunix. html Data Expedition. (2012). Retrieved from http://tips. dataexpedition. com/memory/html Inside Windows 2000 by David A. Solomon Mark E. Russinovich (2012). Operating Concepts (8th ed. ). New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons. (2012) Operating Systems(7th ed. ). New York, New York: Pearson Education Inc. What is NTFS? Local File Systems. (2012). Retrieved from http://technet. icrosoft. com/en-us/library/cc778410(v=ws. 10). aspx Stallings, W. (2012). Operating systems: Internals and design principles (7th ed. ). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall. MAC OS X File Systems. (1994-2010). Retrieved from http://osxbook. com/book/bonus/ancient/whatismacosx/arch_fs. html Technical Note TN1150. (2007). Retrieved from http://dubeiko. com/development/FileSystems/HFSPLUS/tn1150. html#HFSPlu sBasics http://www. washington. edu/lst/help/computing_fundamentals/computermgmt/secure_winxp Operating Systems. (2008). Retrieved from http://www. mywikibiz. com/Operating_system? amp;lang=en_usoutput=jsonsession-id=e48fac3a399120f77fb76caecd40b9b1 Janssen, C. (ND). Operating Systems Security. Retrieved from http://www. techopedia. com/definition/24774/operating-system-security-os-security? lang=en_usoutput=jsonsession-id=e48fac3a399120f77fb76caecd40b9b1 Introduction to Processes and Task. (ND). Retrieved from http://3 info@mindfiresolutions. com http://www. stuartellis. eu/articles/unix-security-features/ http://www. sans. org/course/securing-linux-unix http://its. virginia. edu/unixsys/sec/ Memory Management. (ND). Retrieved from http://www. s. uah. edu/~weisskop/Notes490/mych7_mm1. ppt? lang=en_usoutput=jsonsession-id=e48fac3a399120f77fb76caecd40b9b1 Windows Memory Management. (nd). Retrieved from http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Difference_between_MS-DOS_and_Window_XP_Memory_Managem ent? lang=en_usoutput=jsonsession-id=5eb449a7f1ebcb74325b62cb62158562 How NFTS Works. (2003). Retrieved from http://www. keppanet. netfirms. com Mac OS X security guide. (nd). Retrieved from http://www. securemac. com/macosxsecurity. php? lang=en_usoutput=jsonsession-id=de09de61be8aec54504d05a42635bfc1 How to cite Operating System Differences, Essay examples

Collisions Lab Report free essay sample

Abstract :The purpose of the experiment is to explore elastic and inelastic collisions in order to study the conservation of momentum and energy. The guided track, carts, photogates , 250 g weight and picket fences were the primary components used in the procedural part of the experiment. Each experiment involved the use of the photogates and picket fences to measure the initial and final velocities of both carts when they collide. The data was collected and translated to a graphical model for further analysis. The experiment was repeated for elastic and inelastic collisions with varying masses. The calculations state that the percent discrepancies for inelastic collisions were 8. 75% and 19. 23 % for the equal mass and unequal mass respectively. The percent discrepancies for the equal and unequal mass elastic collisions were 22. 07% and 9. 78 % respectively. Both of the percent discrepancies for the collisions were close to the 10%-15% range which validates the concept of momentum conservation in inelastic and elastic collisions. In regards to conservation of energy, the calculations state that the percent discrepancies for inelastic collisions were 58. 33% and 81. 81% for the equal mass and unequal mass respectively. Both of the percent discrepancies were greater than 60% which indicates inelastic collisions are not as inefficient in conserving energy due to a loss in energy. The percent discrepancies for the equal and unequal mass elastic collisions were 36. 36% and 56. 25 % respectively. Both of the percent discrepancies for the elastic collisions were less than the percent discrepancies in inelastic collisions which validates the concept of energy conservation to be more efficient in elastic collisions. Introduction Objective: The principle of the experiment is to observe elastic and inelastic collisions to study the conservation of momentum and energy. Materials †¢Horizontal dynamics track †¢Collision and dynamics carts with picket fences †¢250 g Weight †¢Balance †¢Photogates connected to the Science Workshop interface Experimental Procedure The guided track, carts, photogates , 250 g weight and picket fences were the primary components used in the procedural part of the experiment. Each experiment involved the use of the photogates and picket fences to measure the initial and final velocities of both carts when they collide. The data was collected and translated to a graphical model for further analysis. The experiment was repeated for elastic and inelastic collisions with varying masses. Results: Inelastic collision m1=m2Inelastic collision m1 ? m2Elastic collision m1=m2Elastic collision m1 m2 Mass of cart 1 (kg)0. 26460. 26460. 26460. 2646 Mass of cart 2 (kg)0. 26460. 516780. 265230. 51678 Initial velocity of cart 1 (m/s)0. 303 +/- 2. 9e-40. 293 +/- 2. 2e-40. 292 +/- 3. 7e-40. 346 +/- 2. 1e-4 Initial velocity of cart 2 (m/s)0000 Final velocity of cart 1 (m/s)0. 143 +/- 4. 6e-40. 0890 +/- 4. 4e-40. 227 +/- 3. 1e-40. 160 +/- 3. 0e-4 Final velocity of cart 2 (m/s)1. 34 +/- 4. 0e-40. 0756 +/- 5. 2 e-400 pi? pKEi? KE Inelastic collision m1=m20. 08-0. 0070. 012-0. 007 Inelastic collision m1 ? m20. 078-0. 0150. 011-0. 009 Elastic collision m1=m20. 077-0. 0170. 011-0. 004 Elastic collision m1 m20. 092-0. 0090. 016-0. 009 Data Analysis 1. Momentum of cart 1 before collision †¢p1i=m1*v1i 2. Momentum of cart 2 before collision †¢p2i=m2*v2i 3. Momentum of the system before collision †¢pi=p1i + p2i 4. Momentum of cart 1 after collision †¢p1f=m1*v1f 5. Momentum of cart 2 after collision †¢p2f=m2*v2f 6. Momentum of system after collision †¢pf =p1f + p2f 7. Relative Change in total momentum of system †¢pf- pi 8. Kinetic energy of cart 1 before the collision- KE1i †¢KE1i=(1/2)*(m1)*( v1i)2 9. Kinetic energy of cart 2 before the collision- KE2i †¢KE2i=(1/2)*(m2)*( v2i)2 10. Kinetic energy of system before the collision- KEi †¢KE1i + KE2i 11. Kinetic energy of cart 1 after the collision- KE1f †¢KE1f=(1/2)*(m1)*( v1f)2 12. Kinetic energy of cart 2 after the collision- KE2f †¢KE2f=(1/2)*(m2)*( v2f)2 13. Kinetic energy of system after the collision- KEf †¢KE1f+ KE2f 14. Relative change in total kinetic energy †¢KEf -KEi Conservation of Momentum % Discrepancy=( |? p|/ pi)*100 Inelastic Collision m1=m2 †¢|-0. 007/0. 08| *100 = 8. 75 % Inelastic Collision m1 ? m2 †¢|-0. 015/0. 078| *100 = 19. 23 % Elastic Collision m1=m2 †¢|-0. 017/0. 077| *100 = 22. 07 % Elastic collision m1 m2 †¢|-0. 009/0. 092| *100 = 9. 78 % Conservation of Energy % Discrepancy= (|? KE|/ KEi)*100 Inelastic Collision m1=m2 †¢|-0. 007/0. 012| *100 = 58. 33 % Inelastic Collision m1 ? m2 †¢|-0. 009/0. 011| *100 = 81. 81 % Elastic Collision m1=m2 †¢|-0. 004/0. 011| *100 = 36. 36 % Elastic collision m1 m2 †¢|-0. 009/0. 016| *100 = 56. 25 % Discussion The purpose of the experiment was to investigate elastic and inelastic collisions to study the conservation of momentum and energy. The graphs generated in class demonstrate the relationship between position vs time which was used to measure the initial and final velocities of the collisions to later calculate momentum and kinetic energy. In regards to conservation of momentum, the percent discrepancy was calculated by dividing the change in momentum by the initial momentum of the system (|? p|/ pi*100). The calculations state that the percent discrepancies for inelastic collisions were 8. 75% and 19. 23 % for the equal mass and unequal mass respectively. Both of the percent discrepancies were close to the 10%-15% which indicates that the conservation of momentum is valid even with varying weights . The percent discrepancies for the equal and unequal mass elastic collisions were 22. 07% and 9. 78 % respectively. Both of the percent discrepancies for the elastic collisions were close to the 10%-15% range which validates the concept of momentum conservation in elastic collisions. In regards to conservation of energy, the percent discrepancy was calculated by dividing the change in energy by the initial energy of the system (|? KE|/ KEi*100). The calculations state that the percent discrepancies for inelastic collisions were 58. 33% and 81. 81% for the equal mass and mass respectively. Both of the percent discrepancies were greater than 60% which indicates inelastic collisions are not as inefficient in conserving energy. The percent discrepancies for the equal and unequal mass elastic collisions were 36. 36% and 56. 25 % respectively. Both of the percent discrepancies for the elastic collisions were less than the percent discrepancies in elastic collisions which validates the concept of energy conservation to be more efficient in elastic collisions. There can definitely be more room for improvement in the experiment. The experiment can have higher quality validation of results if multiple trials were performed or if the class data were to be compared and averaged. Performing the experiments under a vacuum and frictionless setting would remove external variables that affect the data leading to more precise numbers. More accurate percent discrepancies illustrating laws of conservation can be achieved by adding more trials and including more sophisticated measuring tools. These techniques would lead to more accurate results to reduce any experimental errors and to better validate the concepts of energy and momentum conservation. Conclusion The purpose of the experiment was to investigate simple elastic and inelastic collisions to study the conservation of momentum and energy concepts. The objective of the lab was met since the validity of the Law of Conservation of Momentum was confirmed by determining the relationship of energy and momentum conservation between inelastic and elastic collisions by utilizing percent discrepancy calculations. The calculations state that the percent discrepancies for inelastic collisions were 8. 75% and 19. 23 % for the equal mass and unequal mass respectively. The percent discrepancies for the equal and unequal mass elastic collisions were 22. 07% and 9. 78 % respectively. Both of the percent discrepancies for the elastic collisions were close to the 10%-15% range which validates the concept of momentum conservation in inelastic elastic collisions. In regards to conservation of energy, the calculations state that the percent discrepancies for inelastic collisions were 58. 33% and 81. 81% for the equal mass and mass respectively. Both of the percent discrepancies were greater than 60% which indicates inelastic collisions are not as inefficient in conserving energy. The percent discrepancies for the equal and unequal mass elastic collisions were 36. 36% and 56. 25 % respectively. Both of the percent discrepancies for the elastic collisions were less than the percent discrepancies in elastic collisions which validates the concept of energy conservation to be more efficient in elastic collisions. The data validates that the Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy hold true in all types of collisions.