An Explanation of How Play and Activitie

An explanation of how play and stateless are used to support speech, language and communication Play situation can be set up to teach particular vocabulary or language concepts. Play can be structured to reinforce or over learn this language, and then later the children will, hopefully, incorporate the same language in their own play. Play can give the opportunity to relate language to something concrete; something that can be directly experienced. This ensures that language is used meaningfully, which is especially important for children.Play can lead to the exploration and development of reticular manipulative skills, organizational skills, imagination and reading and writing skills. For instance, dressing and undressing dolls helps the children develop their own dressing skills, while role-play can develop a depth of understanding In topic work and allows for reading and writing with a purpose. Play dough with circular cutters- the children will have the opportunity to manipulate the play dough, press the shapes and have the satisfaction of seeing the result of their action. This activity relates to the circle theme and encourages the use of language-e. : round,circular and so on. Nursery rhymes, songs and using musical instrument can help children to listen and take turns, but also to sing and communicate. Some nursery rhymes can help children to practice particular speech sounds. Books can help to increase vocabulary and help children to learn the meanings of words. Some books can help children to participate, for example a book that makes musical sounds when a picture Is pressed. Books can also be made specifically to meet a childs Interests and so encourage the child to point or vocalizes.When children interact with puppets and make them talk and Interact with one another, they are also Involved In dramatic play. This type of play Is excellent for developing language and for expressing feelings. Fantasy play strengthens memory for both narrative information and lists of objects. Language is embedded in play of all kinds and especially in codification play. Children have opportunities to hear others use speech correctly and to increase their vocabulary. In negotiating roles and disputes, children develop linguistic and conversational skills. Children continue to form and modify concepts through play.

Discuss the view that there were marked changes in the nature of Essay

Discuss the view that there were marked changes in the nature of British and American expansion in the late Nineteenth Century - Essay Example In the USA, interest in expansion came essentially from a number of practical and ideological changes. First, by virtue of its massive economic growth after the Civil War:- spurred by an abundance of natural resources and rapid industrialization - the United States had become a "great power". Numerous publicists started to suggest that as the United States was now a great power, it should start to act like one. Practical changes also led to America turning its eye towards other countries. The American "frontier" had essentially disappeared by the last decade of the Nineteenth century; many started to state that the country would need new land and opportunities to serve a growing population. Militarist minds suggested that the US would need to become a great naval nation in order to protect its borders, and Social Darwinists suggested that "manifest destiny" could be extended to other countries. Thus, stated simply, they stated that the world was a jungle and that only the strong in a raw, physical sense could survive. Added to these arguments were those of idealists and religious leaders who argued that Americans should "take up the white man's burden" and carry their supposedly self-evidently superior culture (cultural, economic, political, religious) to the native peoples of the world. Thus a whole series of factors ... In 1895 a violent revolution against Spanish rule in Cuba had occurred, set off by an economic depression that had resulted from a decline in American purchases of sugar form the island. Rebel violence was put down violently by the Spanish, and Cuban refugees in the USA started to spread exaggerated and eventually outright fabricated tales of Spanish atrocities. The power of the print press was partly responsible for the road to war that America now started on. William Randolph Hearst, the great American media baron, whose New York paper The American was in fierce competition with a rival, started to print these stories and to stoke up a jingoistic atmosphere of war. President Cleveland avoided the pressure for war, but his successor, President McKinley was essentially overtaken by events, namely the rather suspicious sinking of the USS Maine on February 15, 1898. The naval board of inquiry claimed that it had been sunk by a Spanish submarine mine, and the resultant loss of life led to war with Spain. Spain offered to make large concessions, but refused to admit what would essentially be defeat - complete withdrawal from Cuba, without a shot fired. In mid April Congress authorized the President to use force to expel the Spanish from Cuba. Thus started what Secretary of State John Hay expressed in a letter to Theodore Roosevelt was a "splendid little war" for America in which there would be little loss of life, but a massive transformation in international presence (Endicott, 2004). The American expeditionary force quickly routed the Spanish on Cuba and then turned against the last Spanish outpost in the Caribbean, Puerto Rico. In early May the Spanish fleet in Manila, the

Evaluate two articles on voter turn out. Articles will be uploaded Essay

Evaluate two articles on voter turn out. Articles will be uploaded - Essay Example s has been decreasing as well such that in the mid sixties 2.4 out of every 1,000 women over the age of 20 belonged to the League of Women Voters while this ratio decreased to 0.79 per 1,000 in 1988 (p. 653). Overall, this indicates that interest in the political process is decreasing with decreasing voter turnout since the sixties being a symptom of this phenomenon. The study in question attempts to gauge the effects of personal canvassing, telephone calls and direct mail on voter turnout while improving on gaps in previous research on the issue. It has been indicated that previous research on the issue is not credible because the sample sizes used were too small to provide strong generalizations. Previous research had sample sizes of between 200 and 500 respondents resulting in confidence levels of 95% with a variation of twenty percentage points (p. 654). In contrast, the current research has a sample size that is at least 100 times as large as previous research and excludes students because they are used for personal canvassing in this research (p. 655). The study is based on three types of intervention namely personal canvassing, telephone calls and direct mail that the researchers have labeled as treatments. The total size of the sample size was some 29,380 people selected at random from various neighborhoods around the city. The control groups were not provided any treatment at all while certain groups were provided one or more treatments (p. 655). Certain people demarcated for treatment who could not be reached (such as through phone calls) were shifted over into the control group because they met the criteria of the control group better than that of treatment. This shift of data tends to give this study a more realistic picture of intervention because previous studies have largely failed to accommodate such changes (p. 654). However, in assigning certain groups more than one treatment the research has moved into multivariate analysis that could not be